Phitsanulok
Image
Image
Image


“To keep the body in good health is a duty, otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear.”

Buddha


Phitsanulok is a medium sized city of 60,000 people and has definitely played its role during the various historical upheavals in Thailand. It has served as a second capital to Sukhothai and Ayutthaya, and was important as a defensive outpost against Burmese and Lanna invasions. Its name means Vishnu's Heaven, perhaps referring to its position on the fertile plains around the Nan River.

It was founded somewhere in the 11 th century and came under Khmer influence for a period, before being claimed by the Sukhothai Kingdom, and then Ayutthaya, punctuated by occupation by the pesky Burmese. In view of its military history it is no surprise that it has been raised to the ground and rebuilt a number of times. A battalion of the Thai Royal Army is still stationed here.

Just to put it into perspective, Siam was invaded more than 40 times by the Burmese from the 16 th century onward. Lanna ( The North) was under Burmese rule for 2 centuries. This constant cycle of warfare only ceased in the late 19 th century when the British deposed the royal line in Burma, essentially stopping centuries of expansionist aggression. Thailand may be the Land of Smiles now but those Thai's have had their fair share of wars and bloodshed.



Image
Image
Stacks Image 373
Stacks Image 956
Stacks Image 963

Petit Paramata

Stacks Image 171
Stacks Image 1080
Stacks Image 1083


We rolled into the bus terminus in the morning The bus station was quiet and a guy was singing in the carpark. A local taxi offered to deliver us to our hostel, Petit Paramata and off we set.

Our hostel was set one block back from the river down a small side street, chosen for its proximity to the river with its walking and running paths.

Wooden gates opened to reveal a courtyard filled with old bikes and pot plants and various buildings including a traditional, beautifully restored 2 story old teak Thai house.


We were greeted warmly by the owner. This is her family house and she and her 3 sisters run the business. She lives there with her youngest sister. Many of the things in the house are from previous generations, like her grandmothers bicycle propped up in the dining room and the old, beautifully carved, teak furniture.

We had a spacious and comfortable room on the first floor and downstairs was a little kitchen with fridge and microwave. Everything you needed really. There was fruit on the table and snacks in the fridge for us to eat and we appeared to be the only guests.

Stacks Image 1093
Stacks Image 1090
Stacks Image 1096
Stacks Image 1217
Stacks Image 1220
Stacks Image 1223


Our stay in Phitsanulok at Petit Paramata was similar to Petchaburi. It is a small place which felt very genuine and not overcrowded with tourists. You could immerse in the Thai way of life.

Our hostess was very friendly and happy to share many insights with us, and she took the food to another level.

Every morning we were greeted with a 12 course tasting menu, special dishes of Phitsanulok as well as little snacks from the market, and always fresh fruit.


This was laid out on the table and decorated with edible flowers and greenery from the garden. Take that Megan Markle! The rice and fruits were home grown in their little small holding out of town, red and black jasmine rice. Vacuum packs were stored in the side board and on every shelf and in every cupboard, the years supply. Sitting side by side with Buddha statues and family heirlooms.

On our first morning her youngest sister played a sort of traditional zither for us as a musical accompaniment to breakfast.

Stacks Image 1231


She told us some of the history of Phitsanulok and also her take on the recent Cambodia Thai skirmishes.

For her the Thai are always patient peacemakers and all the neighbouring countries she treats like naughty children, flexing their muscles periodically but soon backing down in face of the size and military might of Thailand. It was a good analogy but she was clearly biased!


Sadly the most recent flareup had closed the borders into Cambodia for the time being so any plans to nip over to Angkor Wat had to be shelved.

They had a pet cat which was not allowed out, quite a SE Asia tradition I think. Every morning her sister would load the cat in a ventilated back pack and drive off on her scooter. The cat seemed ok with the constraints, but it looked like a strange life for a cat.

King Naresuan

Stacks Image 1234
Stacks Image 177


King Naresuan's temple

Stacks Image 1210


A lot of the public life around Phitsanulok revolves around their most famous, and favourite, king, Naresuen the Great. He was a king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. He was born and brought up in Phitsanulok. Even though the capital moved to Ayutthaya, the heirs to the throne were based in Phitsanulok, reflecting its status as an important defensive outpost.

Many streets, bridges, the university are named after Naresuan. Statues and tributes abound. He even has his own temple where the Buddha position is replaced by his statue.

When he was around nine years old, the Burmese invaded (again) and he was taken as hostage back to the Burmese court. He was treated well but the Burmese crown prince of the same age used to bully him.


They could not fight each other because of their royal status but they took to cock fighting as a sort of surrogate. Anyway Naresuan won and since then the rooster became one of his special symbols.

Everywhere you go there are rooster statues, on top of lamp posts and in the special temple built at the site of the ruins of the royal palace, hundreds of them in fact.

The rooster became a favoured royal animal and much revered. The rooster in Thailand is a symbol with multiple layers of meaning, extending beyond its literal role as a farm animal. It is associated with new beginnings, resilience, courage, protection, and even luck. The Phitsanulok rooster can be recognised by his special white tail.

Stacks Image 1049
Stacks Image 1060
Stacks Image 1063
Stacks Image 1056


Naresuans release was eventually negotiated and he returned to Thailand and became a great warrior and leader. He got his own back on the Burmese prince in one of his most famous battles.

The Burmese had invaded again, led by his nemesis Burmese crown prince Mingyi Swa, and Naresuan met him on the field of battle. The Burmese force was greater and had all the advantages but Naresuan challenged the Burmese prince to an elephant back dual to decide the outcome. He accepted, likely in part due to their previous rivalry, although this was not an uncommon strategy in those days. In evenly matched fields, and to reduce casualties, the generals, princes or kings would battle it out on elephants. This basically meant charging at each other from the backs of armoured elephants using long spears and swords.


Anyway the Burmese prince was killed and Naresuan won the day. This heralded a Golden Era of 174 years without Burmese interference during which the kingdom of Ayutthaya flourished.

War elephants were a major resource throughout SE Asia. Heavily armoured elephants charging into battle were a formidable force . Especially against infantry troops. Happily for the eles, they were phased out when heavy artillery made an appearance. Previously relatively impregnable they could now be injured and killed. They tended to panic to the sounds of gunfire, causing deadly damage to the troops when they stampeded.

Phitsanulok remained a military base from where Siam was defended from Burma and Lanna, Even now it retains strong military strategic importance.

Stacks Image 1073
Stacks Image 1070


Prince Naresuan's war elephant

Keep Fit

Stacks Image 966
Stacks Image 1076
Stacks Image 1226


I had chosen our hostel to be close to the running track next to the river because Dudley gets grumpy without access to some sort of exercise. Instead it was so much more than that.

Lining the river was the biggest outdoor gym we had ever encountered! Rows of exercise machines, well maintained and in working order, punctuated by children's play areas.


Essentially the whole community comes out in the mornings to run and gym. Childcare sorted. No excuses. It was humbling and inspiring to witness, punctuated by Tai Chi classes

We were in awe. What a community! Something for future town planners to think about. Would it work in SA? I don't know. All I know is it is another example of how holistic Buddhism is in pastoral care.

Stacks Image 1112


Ultimately, the Buddhist perspective views physical fitness as a practical and necessary part of a holistic path to well-being, enabling one to live fully and practice the sacred teachings effectively.

Stacks Image 997

The Golden Buddha

Stacks Image 1021
Stacks Image 1007
Stacks Image 1010


We were keen to see the main event for this stop, the Golden Buddha. It was Sunday so we hoped to see more people in the temple.

The Golden Buddha, Phra Phuttha Chinnarat, is kept at Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat Woramahawihan, or the Temple of the Great Jewelled Reliquary. You will begin to recognise Mahathat as a common temple name but it is applied to any temple which houses Buddha holy relics.


The temple is also known as Wat Yai to the locals which means Big Temple which is less of a mouthful and much easier to remember.

We wandered past the University and the court house and came up to the Wat overlooking the river. To be honest you could not miss it, It was huge with a large golden chedi, and it was buzzing with people. Street vendors crowded the pavement outside.

Stacks Image 1012
Stacks Image 1015


Individual prayers offered by a monk in the temple and beautiful frescos on the walls.

Stacks Image 1033


We took off our shoes and followed the flow into the main temple where a huge seated golden buddha statue dominated the space.

This is THE Golden Buddha. It has a golden halo which indicates extreme enlightenment.

Cast in 1357, Phra Phuttha Chinnarat is considered the most graceful buddha image in Thailand , and is the most copied.


It is also one of the most sacred buddha images of Thailand, second only to The Emerald Buddha. So sacred is it that it is said to have wept tears of blood when the city was captured by the Ayutthayan army in the 14th century.

Made of bronze, the gold was added in 1631 when the king offered some of his gold regalia to be beaten into gold sheets to be used to plate the Buddha.

Stacks Image 1040


There was a large carpet on the floor and you were instructed to sit before taking any pictures. Also you must not point your feet at the Buddah. This generally means kneeling which is not my strength with 2 bionic knees and a bad back.

I stayed on my feet and loitered behind a pillar and sent Dudley in to do the business. Even he finds it hard to assume the position gracefully. I wonder how disabled buddhists manage. I guess they have had a lifetime of training.


Anyway it was a festive , happy, non judgemental atmosphere, people were sitting on the carpet taking selfies with the Buddha, but they were seated respectfully, feet folded under them.

Lots of collection boxes were attracting handsome donations. Buddhism works partly because there is an underlying generosity programmed in the whole community to give to the temple, the monks and a plethora of good causes.

Stacks Image 976
Stacks Image 973
Stacks Image 979
Stacks Image 1000
Stacks Image 1002


Eventually we slipped out of the main temple and wandered the compound. There was a courtyard lined with golden buddha statues of all types. Some fat, some thin, even a black buddha,

Most of the statues represent Siddhartha Gautama, the original Buddha, but buddhism recognises 28 different buddhas who have achieved enlightenment so there may be more than one buddha represented in the statues.

The fat laughing buddha, for example, is a Chinese monk who achieved enlightenment in the 10 th century.


Guan Yin is another popular buddha image. Depicted as a buddha but she is actually female and a bodhisattva, which means she is enlightened but has stayed behind to help others reach enlightenment. It is said she did become a buddha but then came back to serve as a bodhisattva.

The thin buddha is Gautama Buddha during his ascetic phase when he denied himself to try and find enlightenment. For years he lived on 1 grain of rice a day and the statues of him in this phase of life show a gaunt figure, all angles and ribs.

Stacks Image 986
Stacks Image 989
Stacks Image 1018
Stacks Image 1003


The statues may have different hand gestures or Mudras. The most common is for the right hand to be touching the ground, known as "witnessing the earth" which represents Buddha asking the earth to witness his moment of enlightenment. Other gestures signify meditation, teaching, protection, salutation, banishing fear etc.

Buddha may be sitting, standing, walking or reclining, all have slightly different meanings.

Seated is most common, his pose under the Bodhi tree where he found enlightenment, entering Nirvana.


Standing or walking means he is teaching or starting a journey. Lying poses are found in some temples indicating his position before he died, entering Nirvana.

We wandered around the some small viharns showcasing pottery and an old ship. It was good to move with the local crowds, and to witness them worshipping, always laughing and smiling and taking photographs, but also attentive to offerings and taking time out to make short prayers and salutations. We never witnessed anything disrespectful in any Thai temple.

Stacks Image 994
Stacks Image 991


Well I think we did get more enlightened at Wat Yai, at least as far as Buddha statues are concerned.

The Art of Buddha


Phitsanlok has a long history as a centre for forging buddha statues.

The Phitsanulok Buddha Foundry is a working factory and you can tour the area and watch the intricate art of traditional Buddha statue-making, using age-old techniques, to cast in bronze and other materials.

The factory is not only a place of craftsmanship but also a center of cultural heritage.


From making wax moulds to the final finishing of the statues you can observe each station of the production process.

Buddhas of all sizes are made but most commonly it is the Golden Buddha representation. If the king wants another Buddha statue, it is to Phitsanulok he will look.

Phitsanulok reflects the rich Buddhist traditions of Thailand.



Stacks Image 1169


The process starts with moulded wax

Stacks Image 1142
Stacks Image 1170
Stacks Image 1191
Stacks Image 1192


Moulds are made, filled reinforced and fired

Stacks Image 1194
Stacks Image 1265
Stacks Image 1145


Finishing off the details

Stacks Image 1137
Stacks Image 1266
Stacks Image 1166
Stacks Image 1176


Cleaning and filling defects

Stacks Image 1173


You can earn a lot of merit from buying and donating a buddha image to your local Wat and business was clearly booming.

The foundry was started by Sergeant Major Thawee. Sgt Major Thawee was born in 1932 in Phitsanulok, and is one of the towns most loved and revered citizens.


He entered the army as a cartographer. When the army wanted to craft a monument to King Naresuan he was drafted into sculpture and casting training. This led to him developing an excellence in casting and sculpture and when he left the army in 1978, he started the foundry. He trained many local, and rural people to this trade, uplifting the community of his home village,

Stacks Image 1196


Phitsanulok is now recognised throughout Thailand as having the best buddha artists and producing the best buddha statues.


Stacks Image 1277

The Folk Museum

Stacks Image 1119
Stacks Image 1124
Stacks Image 1148


Images of Sgt Major Thawee and a nod to cockfighting traditions in Phitsanulok.

Stacks Image 1154
Stacks Image 1156
Stacks Image 1125



Birthing room

Stacks Image 1162


Traditional loom

Stacks Image 1179


Sgt Maj Thwaee also established a Folk Museum in Phitsanulok.

He collected many pieces of old household and agricultural tools and utensils, believing that the old ways and traditions would be forgotten if not preserved.

These have been arranged in a series of 5 wooden houses around the property with various displays and rooms representing old birthing rooms, kitchens and other household scenes.

Old fishing gear and animal traps are also well represented as well as the rather scary tool for castrating bulls. Not sharp. Just saying, poor bulls. Imagine being castrated by a spoon.


In the garden are all manner of traditional boats and canoes.

He has been well recognised for this contribution to the culture of Thailand. He did a lot of good works in education and founded scholarships for underprivileged and rural children. This all went hand in hand with his development of the foundry and Buddhist art. Clearly he was a larger than life character. He has received numerous honorary doctorates and royal recognition and visits. He is known as "Thawee Beyond Time".

His museum is recognised as the best Folk museum in Thailand. We spent a fascinating couple of hours here before enjoying a coffee in the garden.

Stacks Image 1161
Stacks Image 1159
Stacks Image 1128
Stacks Image 1269
Stacks Image 1182


All that history and a coffee shop too!


Lotus Farming

Stacks Image 1198
Stacks Image 1202
Stacks Image 1204


A final gift from our host at the hostel was that she took aside the taxi driver at the last minute and instructed him to take us to a couple of extra stops on our days adventures. He did not speak English and we did not speak Thai.

After leaving the foundry he drove us through the city and out into the countryside.

We travelled past paddy fields and eventually pulled into a quiet green oasis of ponds covered in lotus pads.


This was clearly a lotus farm, lotus plants were lined up in rows in black plastic bags. We were free to wander around the area to marvel at the beautiful plants.

There were lotuses of different types but the most impressive were Victoria lotuses, named after Queen Vicky and native to South America. These enormous lotus pads are up to 3 m across and apparently can support a weight up to 100kg. We did not test it though. I had seen a few in temple ponds before and assumed they were artificial, so robust is the structure and so perfect is the symmetry.

Stacks Image 1240
Stacks Image 1047


Massive Victoria lotuses

Stacks Image 1201


Lotuses are members of the Nelumbonaceae family of aquatic plants that grow across Asia and South America, where flood plains are found by slow-moving waterways. They are sacred in Hindu and Buddhist faiths and venerated throughout Thailand.

This has led to an industry in farming (aquaculture) and cultivating lotus in Thailand for rituals and religious use as well as a source of food and medicine. Often fish or ducks are cultivated at the same time.


Lotuses are distinct from our more familiar water lily and belong to separate families. They bloom from out of the water whereas the lily floats on the top. There are big lotus farms, well known in Thailand, which also support Agro Tourism but we were taken to a smallholding where family based cultivation was practiced. No high tech here.

A couple of hopeful fishermen sat on the banks, I assume hoping for some giant catfish to compliment their lotus stem soup.

Stacks Image 1206


It was a rather dark afternoon and the rain started while we were there so most of the flowers remained shut tight but it was still a beautiful sight.

Temples Old and New

Stacks Image 1042
Stacks Image 1248
Stacks Image 1251
Stacks Image 1254
Stacks Image 1262


Our last surprise destination that day was back through the center of town, down busy streets and across canals, before we pulled up at the biggest brightest temple you have ever seen.

This is Wat Chan Tawan Tok and is obviously a new temple, still in the process of construction. Apparently it has been under construction more than 10 years and has cost over 300 million Bht. We could wander around the unfinished space. The Buddha statues were already in place and being worshipped. I am pretty sure this is what is paying for the ongoing construction. Donation boxes abounded.


It is definitely an ambitious project and you would be forgiven for thinking the Kardashians were behind it. The gold walls are inset with diamanté. They had a group of workers putting in the diamanté inside the main hall. You could sponsor a bit if you wanted. You can sponsor anything you like, a tile, a brick, a piece of marble.

This is really a community project, which also means that the whole community must feel invested in it. Imagine if we all bought a brick to build a school. A powerful force for good.

Outside is a huge walking Buddha.

Stacks Image 1255
Stacks Image 1257
Stacks Image 1261


Let’s just say this temple will not be overlooked in a hurry. It has the bling factor. Buddhism in the 21st century.



Stacks Image 1024
Stacks Image 1027


On the other side of town, Wat Rajburana , built in the 13th century, could not offer up a more startling contrast. It has weathered various slings and arrows of fortune, including fire and floods.

Despite this the over 600 year old Chedi still stands, housing Buddhas ashes, its brickwork blackened and crumbling.


It is quieter and much less gilded than Wat Yai or Wat Chan Tawan Tok, and sometimes that makes for a more thoughtful and introspective visit. It still boasted a happy healthy congregation milling around.

The ubosot is decorated by a fine mural but it is faded and dirty now.


Stacks Image 1029
Stacks Image 1031


Talk about appreciating contrast!



Stacks Image 1102
Stacks Image 1108


On our last day in Phitsanolok we stumbled into a Chinese Taoist temple tucked behind the market.

People have told me that if you do the DNA studies of everybody in Thailand they all have a little bit of Chinese in them, even the king. In general they are proud of their hybrid heritage. Certainly reminders of Chinese culture are never far away.

Taoism is one of the 5 recognised Chinese religions

Stacks Image 1105
Stacks Image 1228


Taoism and Buddhism have shared mutual influences. Both traditions place a high value on ethical living, respecting nature and maintaining a balance with the natural world. Both share a profound understanding of suffering, viewing it as an inherent aspect of existence. Taoists approach it by embracing adaptability and resilience, They embrace being in harmony with nature, emphasising simplicity, spontaneity, and humility.


Buddhism centres around the concept of karma. It teaches that mindful actions lead to positive outcomes, while negative actions perpetuate suffering.

Yin and Yang, Tai Chi and Feng Shui are all Taoist concepts that we all have some familiarity with. Mind you the colourful chaos of the decorations in these temples does not shout Feng Shui to me!

Stacks Image 1273


Taoist temples are always more colourful and flamboyant with lots of red and gold decoration. Rather counterintuitively, they have a veritable pantheon of gods and goddesses which decorate their shrines and bestow favour, luck, resilience etc. This is a bit odd as Taoism started as a philosophy rather than as a religion, and is not centred on a deity.

I am still unable to unravel the various gods they worship but this shrine featured a rather fearsome bearded guy called Xuanwu, also known as the True Martial Great Emperor. You can recognise him by the turtle under one foot and the snake under the other.


According to legend he was a butcher who killed many animals. Over time he felt remorse for this and he gave up butchery and went to a remote mountain to cultivate Tau and purge himself of his impurities. Because he still ate earthly food sin remained in his stomach and intestine which he then cut out and washed in the river to purify them. His stomach and intestines turned into a demon tortoise and a demon snake. I know whoever heard of a demon tortoise but that's how it goes. He subdued the demons who then became his subordinates which is why he is always depicted with them. Because of his determination to purge himself of sin he was granted immortality.

Stacks Image 1274


He is portrayed as a warrior and is a particular god of martial arts and is also known in Thailand as the Tiger God.

The Taoist temples usually feature more than one god and more than one altar. Naga, the snake god, was also depicted in numerous forms.

Back on the Road

Stacks Image 1238
Stacks Image 1237


Our time in Phitsanulok passed all too quickly, indeed our time in Thailand seemed to be racing to its conclusion. Our next stop was the ancient city of Ayutthaya, a must see destination if you are going to follow the historical narrative across the country. Our host at Petit Paramata told us of a beautiful collection of gold artefacts on display in Ayutthaya, a collection found buried in many of the old temples across the country.


We had booked another journey by train, shorter this time, but no less organised, clean and comfortable. Travelling in Thailand is a real pleasure once you get the hang of it. It just works.

We said goodbye to our hosts. They had packed us a doggy bag from breakfast with all sorts of goodies, decorated with flowers and love. A final gesture of generosity.

Stacks Image 1285


We said goodbye to the gently flowing river, roosters, buddhas, noodle bars, street vendors, the eclectic street art and the incredible spirit of the people of Phitsanulok, and we caught our blue tuktuk to the station.

Stacks Image 1284
Stacks Image 1289
Stacks Image 1298
Stacks Image 1292


A noodle bar, speciality of Phitsanulok, where we had a delicious bowl of noodles for pennies. Look at the feet hanging down into the street.

Stacks Image 1290
Stacks Image 1294